The Jianyao Kiln, also known as "Jian'an Kiln" or "Wuni Kiln," is a precious treasure in the traditional Han Chinese porcelain-making craftsmanship and one of the renowned kilns in the Song Dynasty. The kiln site is located in Shuiji Town, Jianyang City, Fujian Province. It is renowned worldwide for firing black-glazed porcelain.

 Among the products, small bowls are the most common, with a dark-colored body and multiple stripe-like crystalline patterns on the glaze, as fine as rabbit's hair, hence the name "Rabbit's Hair Cup." There are also varieties with patterns resembling "Partridge Marks" and "Silver Star Marks," which are unique and beautiful.

The millifilament patterns under the glaze are decorative elements formed by the acidic glaze material. Since Jianyao porcelain is fired with the opening facing up, the glaze flows down, resulting in a shallow glaze color at the rim of the finished product. The speed of the glaze flow varies depending on the slant of the vessel wall, creating fine or coarse millifilament patterns, resembling rabbit's hair. Some of the bottoms of the vessels are inscribed with words like "For the Palace" or "Presented," indicating their status as tribute porcelain.

The Jianyao Kiln is located in the Luhuaping area of Shuiji Town, Jianyang City, Fujian Province. Because it belonged to Jianzhou Jian'an County (today's Jian'ou) during the Song Dynasty, it is named Jianyao Kiln (some historical records also refer to it as Jian'an Kiln). It is a part of Jianzhou culture. The kiln originated in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the Song Dynasty, and declined in the Yuan Dynasty. It mainly produced celadon, black-glazed porcelain, and bluish-white porcelain, among which black-glazed porcelain is world-renowned. During the Song Dynasty, when the custom of tea competition was prevalent, Jianyao porcelain was especially favored by the royal family. Jianyao porcelain is representative of Jianyang, Fujian Province, with its kiln site located in Shuiji Town, Jianyang. It is famous for producing black porcelain. The kiln was initially established in the Tang Dynasty, reached its peak during the Song Dynasty, especially the Southern Song period, and finally declined in the Qing Dynasty. Jianyao Kiln was originally a folk kiln in the Jiangnan region. In the late Northern Song Dynasty, due to the special needs of "tea competition," black teacups were fired specifically for the royal court. Some of these teacups have inscriptions such as "For the Palace" or "Presented" at the bottom. This type of porcelain is known as "Tenmoku" in Japan, where it is highly valued in the tea ceremony.

The main products of Jianyao Kiln include cups, bowls, plates, dishes, and other vessels, as well as boxes, jars, kettles, lamps, censers, bowls, and burial vessels. It is renowned for producing black-glazed porcelain during the Song Dynasty. Those with inscriptions such as "For the Palace" or "Presented" at the bottom are considered tribute items fired for the imperial court of the Song Dynasty. The black-glazed cups are characterized by a high iron content in the body, earning them the nickname "iron body." The body is thick and heavy, with a dark gray or purple-black color, and the texture is rough and hard. The exposed areas of the body are dark and matte. The shapes are diverse, including various forms of convergent and open mouths. The foot rings are small and shallow, with a rough and powerful shaping style and natural knife marks. The glaze is firm and glossy, with a black color. The interior and exterior of the vessels are glazed, with the glaze extending nearly to the foot ring, while the bottom is unglazed and exposes the body. The glaze surface exhibits obvious sagging and kiln-transformation phenomena, with renowned varieties such as "Rabbit's Hair," "Oil Drop," "Yao Bian," and "Partridge Marks." Currently, several world-renowned national treasures in Japan, known as "Yao Bian" Tenmoku cups, are products of the Jianyao Kiln.

The Song Dynasty marked the development of the Jianyao Kiln, which was renowned for firing black-glazed vessels, particularly teacups. Under the influence of the fame of Jianyao black-glazed cups, there were many imitators from various regions. Besides the dozens of kilns in Fujian Province, ranging from Fuqing in the south to north of Wuyi Mountain, there were also imitators in Jizhou Kiln in Jiangxi, Sichuan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, and other regions, forming the Jianyao